{"id":54021,"date":"2024-03-05T12:46:16","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T11:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sftarticles.wpenginepowered.com\/es\/?p=327251"},"modified":"2024-03-08T05:13:46","modified_gmt":"2024-03-08T09:13:46","slug":"o-telescopio-james-webb-descobriu-as-estrelas-originais-do-universo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/o-telescopio-james-webb-descobriu-as-estrelas-originais-do-universo\/","title":{"rendered":"O telesc\u00f3pio James Webb descobriu as estrelas originais do universo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Provavelmente voc\u00ea nunca pensou nas primeiras estrelas ap\u00f3s o Big Bang, a menos que voc\u00ea seja astr\u00f4nomo e esse seja o seu trabalho. No entanto, agora que voc\u00ea leu o t\u00edtulo, certamente surgiu a d\u00favida: <strong>como eram e do que eram compostas essas primeiras estrelas?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"sc-card-program\">\r\n  <div class=\"sc-card-program__body\">\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row clearfix\">\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-logo\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sc-card-program__img\" src=\"https:\/\/images.sftcdn.net\/images\/t_app-icon-s\/p\/2cddcc48-a4d6-11e6-88af-00163ec9f5fa\/3678680588\/nasa-app-logo\" alt=\"Aplicativo da NASA\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\">\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-title\">\r\n        <span class=\"sc-card-program__title\">Aplicativo da NASA<\/span>\r\n        <a class=\"sc-card-program__button sc-card-program-internal\" href=\"https:\/\/nasa-app.softonic.com.br\/android\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download<\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-rating\">\r\n        <svg class=\"rating-score__content\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.1\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" viewbox=\"0 0 50 50\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 50 50\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><path class=\"rating-score__background rating-score--good\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" d=\"M40 40c8.3-8.3 8.3-21.7 0-30s-21.7-8.3-30 0 -8.3 21.7 0 30\"><\/path><path class=\"rating-score__value rating-score__value--0\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-dashoffset=\"0\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" d=\"M40 40c8.3-8.3 8.3-21.7 0-30s-21.7-8.3-30 0 -8.3 21.7 0 30\"><\/path><text class=\"rating-score__number\" content=\"\" text-anchor=\"middle\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 1 25 31.0837)\" data-auto=\"app-user-score\"><\/text><\/svg>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row\">\r\n      <span class=\"sc-card-program__description\"><\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sc-card-program__bigpic\" src=\"\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <a class=\"sc-card-program__link track-link sc-card-program-internal\" href=\"https:\/\/nasa-app.softonic.com.br\/android\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dado que <strong>acredita-se que a maioria dos metais do universo prov\u00eam de estrelas mortas que explodiram<\/strong>, os cientistas racionalizaram que as primeiras estrelas deviam ser compostas quase que inteiramente de hidrog\u00eanio e h\u00e9lio, o material primitivo que surgiu do Big Bang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O caso \u00e9 que ningu\u00e9m ainda viu uma dessas estrelas puras. Mas uma equipe que utiliza o telesc\u00f3pio espacial James Webb, fruto da colabora\u00e7\u00e3o entre a NASA e as ag\u00eancias espaciais europeia e canadense, pode ter algo em m\u00e3os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Webb may have found evidence for the long-theorized first generation of stars \u2014 as well as the most distant active supermassive black hole to date. GN-z11, a galaxy that existed 430 million years after the big bang, is giving up its secrets: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/0m659P21vT\">https:\/\/t.co\/0m659P21vT<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/eRoPG5iB3l\">pic.twitter.com\/eRoPG5iB3l<\/a><\/p>&mdash; NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASAWebb\/status\/1764673062220312657?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 4, 2024<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Podemos observar as primeiras estrelas do universo?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enquanto estudavam recentemente <strong>a gal\u00e1xia GN-z11, que existia quando o universo de 13,8 bilh\u00f5es de anos tinha apenas cerca de 430 milh\u00f5es de anos<\/strong>, eles encontraram um grupo de h\u00e9lio no halo que a rodeia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A nova pesquisa, aceita para publica\u00e7\u00e3o pela revista cient\u00edfica Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics, pode levar a uma das descobertas mais importantes da astrof\u00edsica moderna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em teoria, os cientistas esperavam encontrar aglomerados como este ao redor de gal\u00e1xias massivas em \u00e9pocas iniciais. A ideia \u00e9 que essas bolsas de g\u00e1s pristino poderiam colapsar e formar os chamados aglomerados estelares de Popula\u00e7\u00e3o III.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"IT Happened! James Webb Space Telescope Finally Found the First Stars in the Universe!\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0IWBnNKfUJM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As estrelas da Popula\u00e7\u00e3o III s\u00e3o as estrelas que, de acordo com as teorias, deveriam ter se formado no universo primitivo antes da exist\u00eancia de metais, termo astron\u00f4mico que designa todos os elementos mais pesados que o h\u00e9lio. Acredita-se que essas estrelas sejam muito massivas, luminosas e quentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A raz\u00e3o pela qual s\u00e3o chamadas de &#8220;Popula\u00e7\u00e3o III&#8221; \u00e9 que, na d\u00e9cada de 1940, as estrelas eram divididas em duas categorias principais<\/strong>: as ricas em metais e as pobres em metais, de acordo com a Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica de Swinburne (Austr\u00e1lia). Mas mesmo estas \u00faltimas t\u00eam muito mais conte\u00fado met\u00e1lico do que seria poss\u00edvel a partir do g\u00e1s primitivo remanescente do Big Bang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No final, os astr\u00f4nomos come\u00e7aram a pensar em uma terceira popula\u00e7\u00e3o de estrelas ainda por ser vista, <strong>formada pelo material puro do Big Bang que n\u00e3o foi processado pelas gera\u00e7\u00f5es anteriores de estrelas.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Observers using Webb also discovered a pocket of pristine gas in the galaxy\u2019s halo. Theory and models both suggest that clumps of helium like these may collapse to form Population III stars, the first generation of stars in the early universe. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/scHDCKEkbM\">pic.twitter.com\/scHDCKEkbM<\/a><\/p>&mdash; NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASAWebb\/status\/1764673080486490501?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 4, 2024<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os n\u00facleos das estrelas s\u00e3o considerados f\u00e1bricas de elementos: Eles produzem carbono, por exemplo, a mesma subst\u00e2ncia qu\u00edmica em que os seres humanos e grande parte da vida na Terra se baseiam. Em seguida, atrav\u00e9s de explos\u00f5es de supernovas, espalham pelo espa\u00e7o interestelar elementos pesados como o c\u00e1lcio dos ossos e o ferro do sangue. Essa dispers\u00e3o d\u00e1 origem a novas gera\u00e7\u00f5es de estrelas e planetas, mas os cientistas admitem que ainda t\u00eam muito a aprender sobre as primeiras etapas do processo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Na astronomia, olhar mais longe significa observar o passado, pois a luz e outras formas de radia\u00e7\u00e3o levam mais tempo para chegar at\u00e9 n\u00f3s<\/strong>. O James Webb foi constru\u00eddo para estudar um per\u00edodo extremamente precoce do cosmos, detectando luz invis\u00edvel em comprimentos de onda infravermelhos.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"sc-card-program\">\r\n  <div class=\"sc-card-program__body\">\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row clearfix\">\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-logo\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sc-card-program__img\" src=\"https:\/\/images.sftcdn.net\/images\/t_app-icon-s\/p\/2cddcc48-a4d6-11e6-88af-00163ec9f5fa\/3678680588\/nasa-app-logo\" alt=\"Aplicativo da NASA\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\">\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-title\">\r\n        <span class=\"sc-card-program__title\">Aplicativo da NASA<\/span>\r\n        <a class=\"sc-card-program__button sc-card-program-internal\" href=\"https:\/\/nasa-app.softonic.com.br\/android\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download<\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-rating\">\r\n        <svg class=\"rating-score__content\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.1\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" viewbox=\"0 0 50 50\" enable-background=\"new 0 0 50 50\" xml:space=\"preserve\"><path class=\"rating-score__background rating-score--good\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" d=\"M40 40c8.3-8.3 8.3-21.7 0-30s-21.7-8.3-30 0 -8.3 21.7 0 30\"><\/path><path class=\"rating-score__value rating-score__value--0\" fill=\"none\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-dashoffset=\"0\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" d=\"M40 40c8.3-8.3 8.3-21.7 0-30s-21.7-8.3-30 0 -8.3 21.7 0 30\"><\/path><text class=\"rating-score__number\" content=\"\" text-anchor=\"middle\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 1 25 31.0837)\" data-auto=\"app-user-score\"><\/text><\/svg>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row\">\r\n      <span class=\"sc-card-program__description\"><\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sc-card-program__bigpic\" src=\"\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <a class=\"sc-card-program__link track-link sc-card-program-internal\" href=\"https:\/\/nasa-app.softonic.com.br\/android\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em poucas palavras, uma grande quantidade de poeira e g\u00e1s no espa\u00e7o escurece a vis\u00e3o de fontes de luz extremamente distantes e inherentemente fracas, mas as ondas infravermelhas podem penetrar atrav\u00e9s das nuvens.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na astronomia, olhar mais longe se traduz em observar o passado, pois a luz e outras formas de radia\u00e7\u00e3o levam mais tempo para chegar at\u00e9 n\u00f3s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9265,"featured_media":54022,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","wpcf-pageviews":16},"categories":[4082],"tags":[4332],"usertag":[],"vertical":[],"content-category":[],"class_list":["post-54021","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-app-subdomain-redirectionnasa-app"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54021","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9265"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54021"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54021\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54021"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54021"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54021"},{"taxonomy":"usertag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/usertag?post=54021"},{"taxonomy":"vertical","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vertical?post=54021"},{"taxonomy":"content-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/br\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-category?post=54021"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}