{"id":138013,"date":"2024-03-05T12:46:16","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T11:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sftarticles.wpenginepowered.com\/es\/?p=327251"},"modified":"2025-06-12T11:06:17","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T10:06:17","slug":"le-telescope-james-webb-a-decouvert-les-premieres-etoiles-de-lunivers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/le-telescope-james-webb-a-decouvert-les-premieres-etoiles-de-lunivers\/","title":{"rendered":"Le t\u00e9lescope James Webb a d\u00e9couvert les premi\u00e8res \u00e9toiles de l&#8217;univers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>S\u00fbrement vous n&#8217;avez jamais pens\u00e9 aux premi\u00e8res \u00e9toiles apr\u00e8s le Big Bang, \u00e0 moins que vous soyez astronome et que ce soit votre travail. Malgr\u00e9 cela, maintenant que vous avez lu le titre, vous vous \u00eates s\u00fbrement pos\u00e9 la question : <strong>comment \u00e9taient-elles et de quoi \u00e9taient-elles compos\u00e9es ces premi\u00e8res \u00e9toiles ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"sc-card-program\">\r\n  <div class=\"sc-card-program__body\">\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row clearfix\">\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-logo\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sc-card-program__img\" src=\"https:\/\/images.sftcdn.net\/images\/t_app-icon-s\/p\/2cddcc48-a4d6-11e6-88af-00163ec9f5fa\/3678680588\/nasa-app-logo\" alt=\"Application NASA\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\">\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-title\">\r\n        <span class=\"sc-card-program__title\">Application NASA<\/span>\r\n        <a class=\"sc-card-program__button sc-card-program-internal\" href=\"https:\/\/nasa-app.fr.softonic.com\/android\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER<\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-rating\">\r\n        \r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row\">\r\n      <span class=\"sc-card-program__description\"><\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sc-card-program__bigpic\" src=\"\">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <a class=\"sc-card-program__link track-link sc-card-program-internal\" href=\"https:\/\/nasa-app.fr.softonic.com\/android\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que <strong>la plupart des m\u00e9taux de l&#8217;univers sont suppos\u00e9s provenir d&#8217;\u00e9toiles mortes qui ont explos\u00e9<\/strong>, les scientifiques ont conclu que les premi\u00e8res devaient \u00eatre compos\u00e9es principalement d&#8217;hydrog\u00e8ne et d&#8217;h\u00e9lium, les mat\u00e9riaux primitifs issus du Big Bang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le fait est que personne n&#8217;a encore vu l&#8217;une de ces \u00e9toiles pures. Mais une \u00e9quipe utilisant le t\u00e9lescope spatial James Webb, fruit de la collaboration entre la NASA et les agences spatiales europ\u00e9enne et canadienne, pourrait avoir quelque chose entre les mains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Webb may have found evidence for the long-theorized first generation of stars \u2014 as well as the most distant active supermassive black hole to date. GN-z11, a galaxy that existed 430 million years after the big bang, is giving up its secrets: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/0m659P21vT\">https:\/\/t.co\/0m659P21vT<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/eRoPG5iB3l\">pic.twitter.com\/eRoPG5iB3l<\/a><\/p>&mdash; NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASAWebb\/status\/1764673062220312657?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 4, 2024<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avons-nous pu observer les premi\u00e8res \u00e9toiles de l&#8217;univers ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pendant une r\u00e9cente \u00e9tude de <strong>la galaxie GN-z11, qui existait lorsque l&#8217;univers \u00e2g\u00e9 de 13,8 milliards d&#8217;ann\u00e9es n&#8217;avait que 430 millions d&#8217;ann\u00e9es<\/strong>, ils ont d\u00e9couvert un groupe d&#8217;h\u00e9lium dans son halo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La nouvelle recherche, accept\u00e9e pour publication par la revue scientifique Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics, pourrait conduire \u00e0 l&#8217;une des d\u00e9couvertes les plus importantes de l&#8217;astrophysique moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En th\u00e9orie, les scientifiques s&#8217;attendaient \u00e0 trouver des amas comme celui-ci autour de galaxies massives des premi\u00e8res \u00e9poques. L&#8217;id\u00e9e est que ces poches de gaz primordial pourraient s&#8217;effondrer et former ce qu&#8217;on appelle des amas stellaires de Population III.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"IT Happened! James Webb Space Telescope Finally Found the First Stars in the Universe!\" width=\"840\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0IWBnNKfUJM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Les \u00e9toiles de la Population III sont les \u00e9toiles qui, selon les th\u00e9ories, auraient d\u00fb se former dans l&#8217;univers primitif avant l&#8217;existence des m\u00e9taux, terme astronomique qui d\u00e9signe tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments plus lourds que l&#8217;h\u00e9lium. On pense que ces \u00e9toiles sont tr\u00e8s massives, lumineuses et chaudes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La raison pour laquelle elles sont appel\u00e9es \u00ab Population III \u00bbest que, dans les ann\u00e9es 1940, les \u00e9toiles \u00e9taient divis\u00e9es en deux cat\u00e9gories principales<\/strong>: celles riches en m\u00e9taux et celles pauvres en m\u00e9taux, selon l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 de technologie de Swinburne (Australie). Mais m\u00eame ces derni\u00e8res contiennent beaucoup plus de m\u00e9taux que ce qui aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 possible \u00e0 partir du gaz primitif restant du Big Bang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finalement, les astronomes ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 envisager une troisi\u00e8me population d&#8217;\u00e9toiles encore \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir, <strong>form\u00e9e par la mati\u00e8re pure du Big Bang qui n&#8217;avait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9e par les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes d&#8217;\u00e9toiles.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Observers using Webb also discovered a pocket of pristine gas in the galaxy\u2019s halo. Theory and models both suggest that clumps of helium like these may collapse to form Population III stars, the first generation of stars in the early universe. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/scHDCKEkbM\">pic.twitter.com\/scHDCKEkbM<\/a><\/p>&mdash; NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NASAWebb\/status\/1764673080486490501?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 4, 2024<\/a><\/blockquote><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Les noyaux des \u00e9toiles sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des usines d&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e9ments : ils produisent du carbone, par exemple, la m\u00eame substance chimique sur laquelle se basent les \u00eatres humains et une grande partie de la vie sur Terre. Ensuite, par le biais d&#8217;explosions de supernovas, ils dispersent dans l&#8217;espace interstellaire des \u00e9l\u00e9ments lourds tels que le calcium des os et le fer du sang. Cette dispersion donne naissance \u00e0 de nouvelles g\u00e9n\u00e9rations d&#8217;\u00e9toiles et de plan\u00e8tes, mais les scientifiques admettent qu&#8217;il leur reste encore beaucoup \u00e0 apprendre sur les premi\u00e8res \u00e9tapes du processus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>En astronomie, regarder plus loin se traduit par observer le pass\u00e9, car la lumi\u00e8re et d&#8217;autres formes de rayonnement mettent plus de temps \u00e0 nous parvenir<\/strong>. Le James Webb a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit pour \u00e9tudier une p\u00e9riode extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9coce de l&#8217;univers, en d\u00e9tectant la lumi\u00e8re invisible dans les longueurs d&#8217;onde infrarouges.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"sc-card-program\">\r\n  <div class=\"sc-card-program__body\">\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row clearfix\">\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-logo\">\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sc-card-program__img\" src=\"https:\/\/images.sftcdn.net\/images\/t_app-icon-s\/p\/2cddcc48-a4d6-11e6-88af-00163ec9f5fa\/3678680588\/nasa-app-logo\" alt=\"Application NASA\" width=\"100px\" height=\"100px\">\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-title\">\r\n        <span class=\"sc-card-program__title\">Application NASA<\/span>\r\n        <a class=\"sc-card-program__button sc-card-program-internal\" href=\"https:\/\/nasa-app.fr.softonic.com\/android\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">T\u00c9L\u00c9CHARGER<\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n      <div class=\"sc-card-program__col-rating\">\r\n        \r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row\">\r\n      <span class=\"sc-card-program__description\"><\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"sc-card-program__row\">\r\n      <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"sc-card-program__bigpic\" src=\"\">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <a class=\"sc-card-program__link track-link sc-card-program-internal\" href=\"https:\/\/nasa-app.fr.softonic.com\/android\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>En bref, une grande quantit\u00e9 de poussi\u00e8re et de gaz dans l&#8217;espace obscurcit la vision des sources de lumi\u00e8re extr\u00eamement lointaines et intrins\u00e8quement faibles, mais les ondes infrarouges peuvent p\u00e9n\u00e9trer \u00e0 travers les nuages.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En astronomie, regarder plus loin signifie observer le pass\u00e9, car la lumi\u00e8re et d&#8217;autres formes de rayonnement mettent plus de temps \u00e0 nous parvenir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9265,"featured_media":138014,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","wpcf-pageviews":1},"categories":[16761],"tags":[17024],"usertag":[],"vertical":[],"content-category":[],"class_list":["post-138013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-app-subdomain-redirectionnasa-app"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138013","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9265"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=138013"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138013\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":161618,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/138013\/revisions\/161618"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/138014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=138013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=138013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=138013"},{"taxonomy":"usertag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/usertag?post=138013"},{"taxonomy":"vertical","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vertical?post=138013"},{"taxonomy":"content-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cms-articles.softonic.io\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-category?post=138013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}