Apple’s PCB suppliers hit a climate bottleneck: clean power isn’t enough

Apple has run into a stubborn problem in its effort to decarbonize the supply chain: printed circuit boards. Apple’s environmental reports show manufacturing-supplier emissions were flat from 2024 to 2025, and DigiTimes says PCB suppliers for iPhones, Macs, and other Apple devices are still among the hardest parts of the chain to clean up.

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That isn’t surprising if you look at how boards are made. PCB production is one of the most energy-hungry stages in electronics, and as high-performance boards get more complex, suppliers are burning through more electricity and water. DigiTimes reports that purchased electricity by itself accounts for nearly 60% of the sector’s carbon footprint. At the same time, Apple says it wants direct manufacturers to use 100% renewable electricity for Apple production before 2030. In the main Asian manufacturing hubs, though, renewable supply is still limited, clean power often costs more, and the grid can’t always support the shift, according to DigiTimes.

Apple says it and its direct suppliers have brought 20GW of renewable energy online. Even so, manufacturing-supplier emissions didn’t budge from 2024 to 2025, according to Apple’s environmental reports. That points to a bigger issue: clean electricity helps, but it doesn’t fix process emissions, material constraints, or rising demand on its own. DigiTimes also reports that lower-carbon PCB materials still don’t meet some top-end performance requirements, and getting them approved at scale takes time. Meanwhile, Apple and Google are pressing suppliers to publish sustainability reports and cut emissions further down the chain, even as Taiwan’s chip industry is logging record electricity use, according to DigiTimes.

If you track Apple’s manufacturing strategy, keep an eye on this. For the fuller picture, go to DigiTimes and Apple’s environmental reports.

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Author: Manuel Bosque

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